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What are the two study designs most commonly used in clinical trials?

  1. Parallel and Crossover

  2. Observational and Longitudinal

  3. Case-control and Cohort

  4. Experimental and Observational

The correct answer is: Parallel and Crossover

Parallel and crossover study designs are the most commonly used in clinical trials because they allow for direct comparison between two or more treatments or interventions. Option B, observational and longitudinal study designs, are not typically used in clinical trials because they are less rigorous and do not allow for direct comparison between treatments. Option C, case-control and cohort study designs, are also not commonly used in clinical trials because they are more expensive and time-consuming compared to parallel and crossover designs. Option D, experimental and observational study designs, is incorrect because experimental studies are a type of clinical trial and not a study design. Therefore, experimental and observational studies are not two different designs but rather are two distinct types of clinical trials.