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What must the relationship of risk to benefit be for research in kids with more than minimal risk and prospect of benefit?

  1. Minimal

  2. High risk, no need for direct benefit

  3. At least as favorable as any alternative

  4. Decided by the parents

The correct answer is: At least as favorable as any alternative

The relationship of risk to benefit must be at least as favorable as any alternative for research involving children with more than minimal risk and prospect of benefit. This means that the benefits of the research must outweigh the risks, and the risks must not be worse than any available alternative. This is important for ensuring the well-being and safety of the child participants. Options A and B are incorrect because they do not consider the need for balancing risk and benefit. Option D is incorrect because the decision should not be solely left to the parents, as the well-being of the child is the primary concern in research involving minors.